With the large-scale application of electric vehicles, the rising charging load has brought an unprecedented burden on the city grid. Studies have shown that the use of time-varying power price offset peak charging can effectively reduce the burden on the power grid, and can also significantly reduce the charging cost for each electric vehicle user. However, this still depends on the advancement of electric reform and the establishment of a flexible electricity pricing system.
On the 23rd, the Natural Resources Protection Association, the National Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, and the National Renewable Energy Center jointly issued the report “Application Potential of Electric Vehicles in Shanghai Power System†in Beijing. Taking Shanghai as a sample, the future of electric vehicles will be large-scale. The possible impacts of access to the grid and the countermeasures were studied.
According to the report, in Shanghai, 46,507 new electric vehicles were added in 2015, more than three times more than in 2014. Shanghai's electric vehicles have entered a period of rapid development and will bring new challenges to the power grid.
It is understood that the time-sharing peak-valley tariff measures can guide the flexible charging of electric vehicles and make more efficient use of electric power resources. Liu Jian, an expert in the electric vehicle field at the National Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, believes that electric vehicles can participate in demand response through orderly charging (that is, encouraging electric vehicles to avoid charging during peak periods to avoid peak hours), and electric vehicle-grid bi-directional communication (V2G) can also be used. The technology provides supplementary services such as peaking and frequency modulation.
The report found that by 2030, in the context of the rapid increase in the number of electric vehicles in Shanghai, compared with the disorderly charging of electric vehicles, orderly charging can reduce the peak-to-valley difference of Shanghai's electric power by 5GW; For a city with a population of one million people for one year; if the grain filling capacity of this scale is used to absorb the external hydropower, it is equivalent to avoid the consumption of 2.3 million tons of coal and 4.5 million tons of carbon dioxide emission reduction. As a time-individual electricity price that encourages orderly charging behavior, it will save up to 80% of the charging cost for each electric vehicle user while achieving the above grid optimization effect. “These measures will stabilize the existing high-load peak-to-valley difference in Shanghai, maintain the stable operation of the power grid, and help absorb the southwest hydropower supply to Shanghai to help clean up energy.†Liu Jian said that the electric vehicle will be used as a new demand-side resource application. In Shanghai's power system, it can not only promote the sustainable development of electric vehicles, but also avoid the possible adverse consequences caused by the rapid expansion of electric vehicles on power facilities and the environment.
Usually at night when the load of the grid transformer is the lowest, commercial power consumption is very small at this time, and the power grid can concentrate on supplying power to the charging station, reducing waste of resources. However, providing electric energy resources for electric vehicles requires flexible price signals. When the power grid resources are tight, the prices rise; when the power grid resources are abundant, prices drop, so as to better motivate electric vehicles to provide energy services during peak demand hours. China's power system is still using planned scheduling, and the price of electricity is at a fixed level for a considerable period of time, which cannot effectively promote the application of electric vehicles in power grids.
The report suggests that the establishment and improvement of the electricity market and ancillary services market should form a reasonable electricity price mechanism to encourage the integration of electric vehicles into the operation of the electric power system.
"The future development of electric vehicles still has many uncertainties, and it may exceed our expectations. Therefore, relevant research needs to go ahead. Electric vehicles are connected to the power grid, neither as serious as we thought, but also need to do something in advance. Prepare for the response, said Hu Zechun, a professor of electrical engineering at Tsinghua University.
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