Copper resources

The crust abundance of copper is 68 × 10 -4 %, and the seawater content is 3 × 10 -7 %. Under the action of nature, the original copper ore produces many secondary copper minerals by substitution and oxidation. The closer to the surface oxidation, the more severe the oxidation minerals are formed. The main minerals of copper are shown in Table 1. The copper production and reserves of the world's major copper producing countries are shown in Table 2.

Table 1 Main minerals of copper

Deposit

mineral

Molecular formula

Deposit

mineral

Molecular formula

Oxidation zone

(secondary)

Natural copper

Cu

Oxidation zone (secondary)

Black copper mine

CuO

malachite

Cu 2 (OH) 2 CO 3

Shallow deposit

(secondary)

Copper ore

Cu 2 S

Water scorpion

Cu 4 (OH) 6 SO 4

Copper blue

CuS

Block copper

Cu 3 (OH) 4 SO 4

Deep deposit

(Native)

Chalcopyrite

CuFeS 2

Chlorocopper

Cu 2 (OH) 3 CI

Copper ore

Cu 5 FeS 4

Azurite

Cu 3 (OH) 2 (CO 3 ) 2

Sulfur arsenic copper ore

Cu 3 AsS 4

Chrysocolla

CuSiO 3 ·2H 2 O

Black sapphire copper mine

Cu 12 Sb 4 S 13

Copper mine

Cu 2 O

Arsenic bismuth copper ore

Cu 12 As 4 S 13

Table 2 Production and reserves of copper mines in major copper producing countries

country

Copper mine production

Reserve

Reserve basis

country

Copper mine production

Reserve

Reserve basis

Year 1999

2000

Year 1999

2000

United States

160

145

4500

9000

Canada

61.4

65.0

1000

2300

Australia

73.5

76.0

900

2300

Chile

438.2

450.0

8800

16000

China

50

51

1800

3700

Poland

46

48

2000

3600

Indonesia

74

85

1900

2500

Russia

53

52

2000

3000

Kazakhstan

37.4

38.0

1400

2000

Zambia

26

26

1200

3400

Mexico

36.2

39.0

1500

2700

Other countries

150

160

5000

11000

Peru

53.6

53.0

1900

4000

total

1260

1290

34000

65000

Industrial plug valves are wildly used in oil tank or any type of chemical industry pipeline system.  DBB Plug Valve and Sleeved Plug Valve with ASME & DIN standard are commonly used by customer. Industrial Plug Valve are with soft and metal seal type and valve size are from 1/2 inch to 24 inch(DN15-DN600) matching pressure from class 150 to class 600(PN10-PN100) which are suitable for operating in the working media temperature from -29℃ to 180℃, as well as material in carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel and duplex steel in casting material.

Plug Valve

Plug Valve,Lubricated Plug Valves,Eccentric Plug Valve,Flanged Plug Valve

Yongjia South Trading Co.,Ltd , https://www.n-lvalve.com