Method of treating copper oxide ore, mainly the following:
First, the yellow medicine flotation method after vulcanization. In this method, the oxidized mineral is first vulcanized with sodium sulfide or other vulcanizing agent (such as sodium hydrosulfide), and then the higher xanthate is used as a collector for flotation. When vulcanizing, the lower the pH of the slurry, the faster the vulcanization proceeds. The vulcanizing agent such as sodium sulfide is easily oxidized and has a short action time. Therefore, when the copper oxide is floated by a vulcanization method, the vulcanizing agent is preferably added in stages. Ammonium sulfate and aluminum sulfate contribute to the vulcanization of oxidized minerals, so the addition of these two agents during vulcanization flotation can significantly improve the flotation effect. The copper oxide minerals which can be treated by the vulcanization method are mainly copper carbonates such as malachite and azurite. It can also be used for flotation of copper ore, and if the malachite is not specially treated in advance, its oxidation effect is very poor, and it cannot even be vulcanized.
Second, fatty acid flotation method. The flotation method has a direct, and when using a fatty acid soaps as collector flotation agent, usually also added to inhibit the gangue silicate, phosphate and carbonate slurry adjusting agent and the like. Fatty acids and their soaps can be well floated into malachite and azurite. The results of flotation of malachite with different chains of fatty acids show that as long as the chain is long enough, the ability of fatty acids to capture malachite is quite strong. Within a certain range, the stronger the collection capacity, the less the dosage of the agent. More commonly used in production practice are C10~C20 mixed saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids. The direct flotation method is only applicable to copper oxide ore whose gangue is not carbonate. When a large amount of gangue contained in iron, manganese minerals, the index will be deteriorated.
Third, the special collector method. For the flotation of copper oxide ore, in addition to the above two types of collectors, other special collectors may be used for flotation. Such as malachite green, hydroxamic acid, benzotriazole, N-substituted diazonodiacetic acid and the like. Sometimes it can be mixed with xanthate to increase copper recovery.
4. Leaching-precipitation-flotation method. Hesitant copper oxide minerals are many, some are floatable, some are poorly floatable, and some copper oxide minerals are easily dissolved by some acids and alkalis, so there are also some copper oxide minerals that are difficult to choose and soluble. leaching (generally sulfuric acid); then replaced with iron, copper metal precipitated in the precipitation of copper by flotation float. The technical condition of the method is that the ore is finely ground to separate the monomer according to the ore inlay particle size. For leaching with 0.5%~3% dilute sulfuric acid solution, the amount of acid needs to vary with the ore properties, the low is 2.3~11kg/t, and the high is 35~45kg/t.
After the copper is leached, it is replaced with iron powder. The iron powder requirement theoretically requires only 0.88 kg of iron to replace 1 kg of copper, but in actual production, 1.5 to 2.5 kg of iron is required to replace 1 kg of copper. At the time of displacement, an excess of residual iron powder must be maintained in the solution to prevent the already reduced copper from being oxidized again. The unreacted residual iron powder can be recovered by magnetic separation.
The precipitated copper flotation is carried out in an acidic medium (pH 3.7~4.5), the collector is treated with cresol black or xanthate, and the undissolved copper sulfide mineral can be floated with the precipitated metallic copper. Come.
The method is suitable for the treatment of difficult-to-float minerals such as chrysocolla, or a refractory copper oxide ore with a very high mud content.
V. Segregation - flotation method. This method is to carry out chlorination reduction roasting of copper oxide ore. The mineral or mineral surface is reduced to a float metal copper, and then the yellow medicine is used as a collector for flotation.
The method is suitable for treating copper oxide minerals with more difficult to choose mud and more than 30% of ore combined with copper oxide. When comprehensively recovering gold, silver precious metals and other rare metals, this method is superior to the leaching-flotation method. Its disadvantages are large heat consumption, high cost and poor working conditions.
Sixth, flotation - water and metallurgy. Many copper oxide or mixed copper mines are more or less partially refractory, and some are easily selected. In this case, the easily selected oxidized ore is recovered by flotation, and then the tailings are recovered. Or the mine is sent to the water and metallurgy.
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