1. The error of the verticality of the loading position of the supporting roller set and the center line of the conveyor is large, which causes the tape to go backward in the carrying section. When the tape runs forward, it gives the roller a forward traction force Fq. This traction force is decomposed into a component force Fz for rotating the roller and a lateral component force Fc. This lateral component force causes the roller to axially move, due to the roller bracket. The fixed idler is unable to move axially, and it inevitably produces a reaction force Fy to the tape which causes the tape to move to the other side, resulting in a deviation.
It is easy to understand the reason for the deviation of the tape when the load of the supporting roller set is deflected, and the adjustment method is also clear. The first method is to process the growth holes in the mounting holes on both sides of the roller set during manufacture for adjustment. The specific adjustment method is shown in Figure 2. The specific method is which side the belt is biased, which side of the roller set moves forward in the direction of the belt advancement, or the other side moves backward. As shown in Figure 2, when the belt is deflected in the upward direction, the lower position of the roller set should move to the left, and the upper position of the idler set moves to the right.
The second method is to install a self-aligning roller set. There are various types of self-aligning roller sets, such as an intermediate rotary shaft type, a four-link type, a vertical roller type, etc., and the principle is to block or the roller to rotate in the horizontal direction. Or the lateral thrust is generated to make the belt automatically achieve the purpose of adjusting the deviation of the belt, and the force is the same as that of the supporting roller set. This method is generally reasonable when the total length of the belt conveyor is short or when the belt conveyor is operated in both directions, because the shorter belt conveyor is more prone to deviation and is not easy to adjust. Long-belt conveyors do not use this method because the use of the centering roller set has a certain effect on the life of the tape.
2. The axis of the head drive roller or the tail reversing drum is not perpendicular to the conveyor centerline, causing the tape to deflect at the head roller or the tail redirection drum. As shown in Fig. 3, when the drum is skewed, the tightness of the tape on both sides of the drum is inconsistent, and the traction force Fq in the width direction is inconsistent, increasing or decreasing, which causes the tape to be attached in a decreasing direction. The moving force Fy causes the tape to go to the loose side, the so-called "running loose does not run tight".
The adjustment method is as follows: for the head roller, such as the tape, to the right side of the drum, the bearing housing on the right side should move forward, and the tape should be displaced to the left side of the drum, and the bearing housing on the left side should move forward. Correspondingly, the left bearing housing can be moved backward or the right bearing housing can be moved backward. The tail roller is adjusted in the opposite way to the head roller. After repeated adjustments until the tape is adjusted to a desired position. It is best to install the position accurately before adjusting the drive or reversing the drum.
3. The processing error of the outer surface of the drum, uneven coal or uneven wear causes the diameter to vary, and the tape will deviate to the larger diameter side. The so-called "running big and not running small". The force is shown in Figure 4. The traction force Fq of the tape produces a moving component force Fy to the large side of the diameter. Under the action of the component force Fy, the tape is offset. In this case, the solution is to clean the surface of the drum with coal, and the machining error and uneven wear are replaced by re-processing the rubberized coating.
4. The blanking position at the transfer point is not correct, causing the tape to run off. The blanking position of the material at the transfer point has a great influence on the deviation of the tape, especially in the vertical projection of the upper conveyor and the conveyor at the horizontal plane. The impact is even greater. The relative heights of the upper and lower belt conveyors at the transfer point should normally be considered. The lower the relative height, the greater the horizontal velocity component of the material, as shown in Figure 5: the lateral impact force Fc to the lower belt is also greater, and the material is also difficult to center. The material on the cross section of the tape is deflected, and the horizontal component force Fy of the impact force Fc eventually causes the belt to run off. If the material is on the right side, the belt runs to the left and vice versa.
For the deviation in this case, the relative height of the two conveyors should be increased as much as possible during the design process. The form and size of the upper and lower funnels, guide troughs, etc. of the space-constrained belt conveyor should be carefully considered. Generally, the width of the guide groove should be about three-fifths of the width of the belt. In order to reduce or avoid the belt deviation, the baffle block material can be increased, and the falling direction and position of the material can be changed.
5. The problem of the tape itself, such as the long use time of the tape, the aging deformation, the edge wear, or the wrong joint center after the tape is damaged, these will cause the tension on both sides of the tape to be inconsistent and lead to deviation. In this case, the tape will be deflected to one side over the entire length, and the maximum deviation will be at the wrong joint. The treatment method is only to re-manufacture the rubber joint with the center misalignment, and the aging deformation of the tape is given for replacement.
6. The tensioning device of the conveyor makes the tension of the tape insufficient, and the tape does not run when there is no load or a small amount of load. When the load is slightly larger, the deviation will occur. The tensioning device is an effective device for ensuring that the tape maintains sufficient tension at all times. The tension is insufficient, the stability of the tape is poor, and the influence of external force interference is greater, and slippage occurs in severe cases. For belt conveyors that use the weight tensioner, a counterweight can be added to solve the problem, but should not be added too much to avoid the belt from being subjected to unnecessary excessive tension and reducing the life of the belt. For belt conveyors that use screw tensioning or hydraulic tensioning, the tensioning stroke can be adjusted to increase the tension. However, sometimes the tensioning stroke is not enough, and the belt is permanently deformed. At this time, the belt can be cut off for a period of time to re-bond.
7. For a belt conveyor designed with a concave section, if the radius of curvature of the concave section is too small, if there is no material on the belt at the start, the belt will bounce in the concave section, and will also be exposed in windy weather. The belt is biased. Therefore, it is best to add a pinch roller at the recess of the belt conveyor to avoid the belt bounce or be deflected by the wind. The lower layer of the bucket wheel reclaimer will produce a large concave section in the tailstock state, which is the most prone to deviation. The conveyor of the following layer has a rack sinking, which will intensify the vacant range of the tape and is easy to run off. Therefore, a larger concave radius of curvature should be used as much as possible during the design phase to avoid such a situation.
8. The adjustment of the deviation of the belt conveyor in the two-way operation, the adjustment of the deviation of the belt conveyor belt in the two-way operation is much more difficult than the adjustment of the deviation of the one-way belt conveyor. In the specific adjustment, one direction should be adjusted first, then another one should be adjusted. direction. When adjusting, carefully observe the relationship between the direction of belt movement and the trend of deviation, and adjust them one by one. The focus should be on the adjustment of the drive roller and the redirecting roller, followed by the adjustment of the idler and the adjustment of the blanking point of the material. At the same time, it should be noted that the belt should be evenly stressed in the longitudinal direction of the belt when the joint is vulcanized, and the forces on both sides should be as equal as possible.
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