Biometrics is the use of human physiological characteristics or behavioral characteristics, for personal identification. More specifically, it is through the computer and optical, acoustic, biosensors and biostatistics and other high-tech means to closely combine the use of the human body's inherent physiological characteristics and behavioral characteristics for personal identification (identification).
In today's information age, how to accurately identify a person and protect information security has become a key social issue that must be solved. Traditional identification is more and more difficult to fake and lost because it is increasingly difficult to meet the needs of society. Currently, the most convenient and safe solution is undoubtedly biometric technology. It is not only simple and quick, but also use it for identification, safety, reliability and accuracy. At the same time more easily with the computer and security, monitoring, management system integration, data management information. This is the most convenient and secure identification technology available today, eliminating the need to remember complex passwords and the need to carry keys, smart cards and the like with you. Since biometrics technology identifies people as themselves, it directly determines that the authentication method is more secure and convenient.
So, the current identification of biometric technology with the main way?
Biometrics based on physiological characteristics mainly include:
Fingerprint recognition
Face recognition
Iris recognition
Vein recognition
Retinal recognition
Palm pattern recognition
DNA Recognition
Biometrics based on behavioral characteristics mainly include:
Signature recognition
Voiceprint recognition
Gait recognition
Why does vein recognition belong to the second generation biometrics?
The main thrust of this article is how to differentiate the first- and second-generation biometrics from the two key points we can analyze:
1, the dominance of the characteristics, if the physical or behavioral characteristics can be seen by the naked eye, making it easy to be imitated and copied, this biological / behavioral-based biometric technology can be called the first generation of biometric technology, otherwise, said The second generation of biometric technology. Then we distinguish between the categories above:
Fingerprint recognition, face recognition, iris recognition, palmprint recognition, signature recognition, voiceprint recognition and gait recognition, these kinds of recognition technology behavior or characteristics is dominant, in which fingerprints, face, palmprint can be passed Some skills or hardware and software tools to extract or copy, and voiceprint, signature, gait you can deliberately imitate to get highly similar behavioral characteristics;
2, whether in vivo identification, we are talking about "living identification" refers to the external force can not be replaced or simulated live detection and identification, for example, such as this year's 315 party, host this non-Allah "living" (or Known as third-party live) with some software simulation Allah's behavior, and fooled the face recognition. Such face recognition requires that the recognizing party act to show the identity of "living body" for identification and can not be referred to as "living body recognition" in the strict sense. The so-called "biometrics" that can be forged by external forces is fake biometrics.
Therefore, we say that the biometrics that can meet the above two conditions at the same time can become the second-generation biometrics. Let's analyze them one by one:
Fingerprint identification: feature explicit, fingerprints are finger surface features, non-living identification;
Face recognition: feature explicit, can be simulated by external force through the identification of living, non-living identification;
Iris Recognition: Feature Explicitness, although it is difficult to copy / acquire features, is still non-vivid;
Vein Recognition: The veins are hidden inside the finger and are not visible to the naked eye. In accordance with the principle of vein recognition, only the blood in the flow can absorb light of a specific wavelength and form a clear vein image, which is analyzed and aligned by a specific algorithm Identification. In other words, it is impossible to identify the fake finger or finger image through the finger vein. Therefore, finger vein recognition is a living body recognition;
Retina Recognition: The retina is a layer of blood cells at the bottom of the eye and, therefore, is not characterized by its features; second, retinal recognition is not possible without blood flow or non-living. However, retinal recognition is unattractive to consumers and it is difficult to further reduce costs;
Palmprint recognition: basically the same as fingerprint recognition, feature explicit, non-living recognition;
DNA identification (identification): DNA (DNA) is an atomic substance in the body cells, nothing wrong with the feature is certainly not explicit, but DNA recognition does not require in vivo can also be identified, this need not be explained too much.
Signature Recognition, Voiceprint Identification, Gait Identification: These three behavioral-based biometrics are explicit features that can imitate forgery and non-biometric recognition.
After analysis, we can make a conclusion:
The first generation of biometric technology: fingerprint recognition, face recognition, iris recognition, palmprint recognition, DNA recognition and signature recognition, voiceprint recognition, gait recognition.
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