I. Introduction
In 2007, global aluminum 's total performance consumption was 53.000kt. Among them, recycled aluminum smelted from recycled aluminum is 30.2% of the total consumption, which is about 16.000 kt. Recycling of used worldwide each year, about 32% aluminum modified aluminum alloy flowing into the field, i.e. with processed into aluminum. The rest regenerate the cast aluminum alloy. There are two types of reclaimed aluminum alloy plants in industrially developed countries: regeneratively deformed aluminum alloy ingot plants and cast aluminum ingot plants or reclaimed aluminum alloy plants.
From 1981 to 2007, the total apparent consumption of primary aluminum in China was 74,7111.4kt; the total apparent consumption of waste aluminum was about 21,290kt; the total apparent consumption of aluminum was about 96,000kt. The author believes that the 96,000 kt aluminum parts and aluminum products are aluminum stored on the land of China. Of course, some of them are exported in the form of equipment and products. However, aluminum is also included in imported machines and equipment and products.
The use of most of the waste to prepare deformed aluminum alloy ingots, and then processed into various aluminum materials is not only foreign, but also in China. They have achieved good economic and social benefits. It should be transformed to regenerate the aluminum alloy ingots for aluminum processing without the performance of the aluminum alloy shape that meets the requirements of the organization to establish a comprehensive and scientific development concept.
Second, the recycling and utilization of waste aluminum resources
Waste aluminum is a valuable resource. Maximizing the effective recovery and utilization of waste aluminum is of particular importance for the development of circular economy, resource and energy conservation, and reduction of greenhouse gases and pollutant emissions. Aluminum products and aluminum alloy parts have high recyclability and availability after expiration of use. Among the current structural materials, the recyclability of aluminum is the highest. The following is a brief introduction to the recycling of various waste aluminum:
(1) Producing high-quality aluminum materials from scrap aluminum ingots
The company that processes high-quality aluminum ingots cast from scrap aluminum has long been available in the world. The most typical enterprises are: factories that recycle aluminum ingots from waste cans recovered from society; factories that use drawn aluminum wires and cables to reclaim aluminum ingots; and waste doors and windows and structural aluminum are recycled. After that, a factory for extruding 6063 alloy profiles and a factory for regenerating slabs from waste building boards and then rolling them into building sheets and the like are carried out. The most effective use of scrap aluminum is to regenerate the original semi-finished profiles.
(2) Cans production-use-recycling cycle.
As of 2007, the world's countries that can produce cans are the United States, Germany, Japan, France, South Korea, Australia, Brazil, and China. However, only the United States, Germany, Japan, France and Brazil have established countries with waste tank recycling production lines. Because it is necessary to have three conditions to build a waste recycling production line: the apparent consumption of cans is more than 200 kt / a; the recovery rate of cans is greater than 50%; the total output of a factory can reach 100 kt / a . China Southwest Aluminum (Group) Co., Ltd.'s production of 3104 alloy cans in 2007 was 34.735 kt / a. Its production may exceed 80 kt/a in 2011. Therefore, it has the conditions to start the construction of a recycled aluminum alloy production line with a capacity of 50kt/a waste cans. It started construction in 2008 and can be put into production in 2010 or in the first half of 2010.
The waste can recycling production line is preferably built in a canning mill. Of course, it is also possible to build a factory separately. It is built in an area rich in waste aluminum resources. However, it must be under the strict management and monitoring of the rolling mill to ensure the uniformity and stability of the components and metallurgical structure of the product, and to meet certain special requirements.
(3) Recycling of used building profiles.
There are two sources of waste aluminum profiles: one is the doors and windows and decorative parts that are removed from the scrapped buildings or all kinds of aluminum parts that are due and need to be replaced; the second is the processing of aluminum parts by the door and window enterprises and decorating enterprises in the society. Process waste (excluding processing waste from the door and window workshops of the extrusion company). Aluminum parts in buildings have a long service life, usually exceeding 30a. The aluminum parts in the aluminum structural parts have a short life span, and some are longer, that is, more than 50a. Building and structural waste aluminum is a valuable renewable resource. Because the alloy used is single, its composition is stable. Moreover, since such a waste aluminum body is large and heavy, it is less burned during regenerative smelting.
The 6063 alloy round ingot professional production plant is built in areas with high concentration of waste construction aluminum, structural aluminum and architectural aluminum. The amount of waste should account for more than 93% of the raw materials (including the process waste of the extrusion plant), and only a small amount of new metal (original aluminum ingot and intermediate alloy). In June 2007, Chinalco began to build Chinalco Nanhai Alloy Co., Ltd. in Dali Town, Foshan City, Guangdong Province. This is the first professional enterprise in China to produce high quality extruded round ingots from waste construction and structural aluminum. The first phase of construction is 110kt/a; the second phase is 200kt/a, making it the world's largest regenerative extrusion ingot plant. In 2007, there were 97 aluminum extrusion plants in Dali Town. Its extruded profile capacity is about 850 kt / a; its output accounts for 31.5% of the country's total output. However, most of its enterprises have backward casting technology and equipment, and have high energy consumption and serious environmental pollution. The construction of Chinalco Nanhai Alloy Co., Ltd. is of great significance for the construction of a conservation-oriented, resource-saving and environmentally friendly society. It has a certain effect on reducing the production cost of local extrusion enterprises. It will greatly promote the optimization and upgrading of the structure of the aluminum extrusion industry in Dali Town and even in South China. In addition to making full use of the process waste of the waste aluminum and aluminum extrusion enterprises in Guangdong Province, Chinalco Nanhai Alloy Co., Ltd. can also import waste aluminum from Hong Kong and Macao.
(4) Recycling of waste aluminum sheets and strips.
Waste aluminum panels refer to wall panels, hanging panels and other decorative panels that are removed from high-rise buildings and structures as well as from factory buildings. These sheet metal parts are mostly processed with 3003, 3004 and 5052 alloy sheets. Nichols Aluminium is a world-renowned company that recycles aluminum sheets from used buildings. It has a Hazlet-type 1320mm continuous casting and rolling line. It is characterized by a row of 3-stand hot strip mills after the Hazlet caster; there is also a strip cleaning pre-coating line and other supporting facilities. Because it uses waste aluminum and energy-saving and environmentally-friendly continuous casting and rolling process, the building board and strip produced by it are competitive in the North American market and have high economic benefits.
Around China's recycled aluminum industry, the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association Recycling Metals Branch should assist the relevant state departments to formulate the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†for the recycled aluminum industry to propose scientific and rational industrial policies and tax policies; establish a scrap metal recycling system and conduct Formulate technical standards and environmental protection standards for reclaimed aluminum standards, pretreatment and smelting; strive to establish a recycling aluminum research center with the support of the state and industry and enterprises. It should be based on this research and promote the use of new equipment, new process technology and high-standard products for recycled aluminum; it should be actively introduced, digested and absorbed from the UK, and promoted and used the more mature EMP process system. Because this system is quite trustworthy; its main return on investment is usually reflected in the 3-12 months of production. Its construction period is short and fruitful. Its main manifestations are: increased production, reduced impurities, reduced energy consumption, savings in the purchase of alloys and improved efficiency of the melting furnace. It meets the basic requirements of environmental law and can improve energy efficiency. The extraction of its analytical sample can be operated while the furnace door is closed. This operation saves energy and time, and reduces heat dissipation. Through decades of development and worldwide use, there has been no wearable or fragile movable parts in the EMP system feed mechanism using electromagnetic field propulsion type. Many consumers have experienced the use of EMP systems to increase the efficiency of process equipment by more than 25%. The EMP system is an ideal choice for foundry managers, metallurgists and financial managers.
Recycled aluminum production enterprises should make full use of recycled aluminum resources on the basis of the above, and actively develop products such as aluminum alloy ingots for extrusion, aluminum alloy ingots for rolling and aluminum alloy ingots for casting, in order to increase the added value of products.
Third, make full use of recycled aluminum resources to build aluminum alloy sheet and strip enterprises
It can be seen from the above analysis that the use of a small amount of new metal (original aluminum ingot and intermediate alloy) based on simple and clean waste aluminum can produce aluminum which is mainly produced in quality and remelted original aluminum ingot. The material is quite. It is technically feasible and mature, and it has international precedents. In view of this situation, it is practicable to fully and rationally utilize recycled aluminum resources to produce aluminum alloy sheet and strip. The production process of recycled aluminum for aluminum alloy sheet and strip is as follows:
(1) First need to solve the problem of raw materials
In the past 26 years, China's performance of consumption of aluminum reached 96,000kt, and most of it has entered the cycle. However, due to the rapid and good development of the Chinese economy, the demand for scrap aluminum is extremely high. Domestically recovered scrap aluminum is far from meeting the needs of economic development and needs to be imported. Waste aluminum resources are abundant in the international market. In 2007, the import volume was 260 billion tons, and in 2008 it could reach 260 billion tons or more.
This amount does not include the scrap aluminum obtained in the dismantling of imported counterfeit equipment. If this part of scrap aluminum is also included, this number will undoubtedly exceed 3,000 kt. It can be seen that the supply of raw materials can be guaranteed.
(2) Product type and structure.
The product category is of course a large-scale aluminum sheet metal for civil use that cannot be strengthened by heat treatment. That is, only l××× series, 3××× series and 5××× series aluminum alloy plate strips are produced. In 2007, the total output of aluminum strips in the world was about 2,000 tons. Among them, the heat treatment is not fortified, accounting for 94.6%. That is, the ordinary civil aluminum strip is 18,920 kt. The heat-treated reinforced aluminum alloy refers to a 2××× series, a 6××× series, a 7××× series, and a partial 8xxx series aluminum alloy. It is used in aerospace, military and other industrial sectors that require high-strength structural parts.
(3) The main equipment used to produce aluminum alloy sheet and strip by using recycled aluminum.
There are 2 advanced high-tech waste aluminum pretreatment production lines. Its key equipment and components can be introduced. Other domestic manufacturing or Chinese-foreign cooperative manufacturing;
2 advanced smelting-stationary-casting lines, 1 rotary-tilting round furnace, 1 medium frequency induction furnace, key equipment such as regenerative burner, electromagnetic stirrer, on-line purification treatment facility and melt level laser The introduction of automatic monitors and the like. Others are manufactured by companies based in the world-renowned metallurgical furnace company in China. Its ingot production is about 220 kt / a;
1 milling machine (made in China);
Advance 2 furnaces. Manufactured by companies located in China by world-renowned metallurgical furnace companies;
2300mm four-roller irreversible single-stand double-coil hot-rolling line, foreign design, automatic control equipment and key components are introduced, other equipment is manufactured by China under the supervision of foreign parties;
One stage of two four-roller irreversible cold rolling mills, one set, one set of 1600mm domestic;
2 roll grinders, 1 set, 1 set;
Pulling and straightening 2 lines, 1 introduction, 1 domestic;
1 offline rewinding trimming line, made in China;
1 slitting line, introduced;
1 pre-coated line, introduced;
Several annealing furnaces, domestically produced;
1 automatic baling and packaging line, co-manufactured by China and foreign countries;
other devices.
The construction of this project is in full compliance with the national industrial policy. It is an important link in the construction of a sustainable circular industrial chain. It will be encouraged and strongly supported by the state and governments at all levels.
(4) Classification and storage of scrap aluminum.
The construction of a large flat rolling mill with waste aluminum as the main raw material and a production capacity of 180 kt/a requires 235 kt/a of superior scrap aluminum. It is best to set up some acquisition points within the scope of the factory and within the radius of 1000Km, and send the experienced purchasers to ensure the quality of the waste aluminum; there must be a batch of fixed aluminum suppliers. The transportation distance of scrap aluminum should not be too long, otherwise its cost will increase.
There must be a sufficient number of used aluminum storage in the factory. It must not be stored in the open air. Waste aluminum should be placed in strict accordance with the grade, and strict storage regulations should be established.
(5) Establishing the factory address.
The location of the site should pay attention to the source of raw materials and the direction of the products. Most preferably, more than 75% of the raw material comes from a radius of 1000 Km, and the sales range of more than 60% of the product is in the range of 1200 Km. If these two conditions are considered to be possible, and at the same time, they must comply with the general conditions for the site selection of large non-ferrous metal processing materials plants, then such plants should be built in areas rich in waste aluminum such as the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Bohai Rim. At the same time, the convenience of imported aluminum is also one of the necessary conditions.
Fourth, the conclusion
With the use of waste aluminum, it is possible to produce ordinary civilian flat-rolled aluminum alloy sheet and strip products which are comparable in quality to the original aluminum ingots. It is in line with the goals and requirements set by the Party Central Committee to establish a resource-based and energy-saving and environment-friendly society; it is in full compliance with the country's industrial policies and national conditions; it is conducive to the adjustment of industry structure and product structure. It will be economically profitable and advanced in various technical indicators. As long as we continue to promote the application of new technologies, new materials, new processes and new equipment, and then develop high-quality, low-cost and high value-added high-end products, put them into the market to meet the needs of users, we can use recycled aluminum alloys to produce aluminum alloys. The strip and strip industry is in an invincible position in the fierce market competition, making its development prospects even brighter.
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