Use of the instrument
Spectral spectroscopy is to visualize and evaluate the emission spectral intensity of each element in the visible spectrum, and to perform rapid qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis on metals to determine the chemical components contained in the metal. The spectrum analysis is simple and easy to operate. Mastery, speed, low cost, small damage to the sample, no special processing, general analysis of a sample of 5-6 elements only takes 2-3 minutes, the accuracy is quite accurate and reliable. Therefore, the need to analyze a large number of samples, the occasion of easy mixing or the need for rapid analysis of the Department, the use of the instrument has great economic significance.
The portable spectroscopic lens is specially designed for on-site material analysis. Compared with other models of spectroscopic lenses, it has the characteristics of small size, light weight, simple operation, and convenient mobile carrying, and is particularly convenient for high-altitude operations and boilers. Installation and analysis of narrow sections such as pipe inner wall are more widely used. At present, the spectroscopic analysis is widely used in the following aspects:
In the machinery manufacturing industry, metal materials are inspected for storage and distribution, the grades are verified, and mixed materials are controlled to reduce losses. During the part manufacturing process, especially before the heat treatment, review the material grades to ensure the quality of heat treatment. In the equipment installation, maintenance and prototype mapping, determine the material composition of the parts, and the measured parts can still be used. In chemical analysis, the pre-analysis before analysis is to make qualitative and semi-quantitative judgments by looking at the spectrometer, and then to formulate reasonable processes for chemical analysis, which can greatly increase the efficiency of chemical analysis, reduce costs, and improve accuracy. In the metal smelting, the analysis of the charge can greatly improve the economic benefits. The analysis of certain residual amounts in the steel sample has high accuracy and high speed. Can guide the smelting in time. For the analysis of waste materials and inspections of quality accidents, etc. For large specimens, mechanical parts that cannot be moved or cannot be destroyed, this instrument is suitable for use, so this instrument has become indispensable for many business units and research institutions. Standing equipment.If the shavings, mineral powder or stone powdered solution is pressed into pieces, the instrument can also be analyzed in the non-metallic range.
The main elements of analysis are:
Copper: Cr.W.Mn.V.Mo.Ni.Co.Ti.Al.Nb.Zr.Si.Cu.
Copper alloys: Zn.Ag.Ni.Mn.Fe.Pb.Sn.AI.Be.Si etc.
In aluminum alloy: Mg.Cu.Mn.Fe.Si.Sn, etc.
The main parameters of the instrument
Spectral range: 390-700nm Visually resolvable power: 0.05-0.11nmVisually distinguish the following pairs:
F e; 613.66 nm and 613.77 nm
F e; 487.13nm and 487.21nm
Mn: 476.59 nm and 476.64 nm
Dispersive element: ZF 3 prism Two collimation objective lenses Focal length: f = 260mm Dimensions: 380 × 90 × 75mm Weight: 1.5kg How the instrument worksAn arc generator or spark generator (excitation light source) creates an arc or spark between the material being analyzed and the electrode. The substances being analyzed and the substances that make up the electrode are excited by arcs or sparks and emit light. This light enters the spectrum mirror and forms a spectrum in wavelength order. When the different elements are excited, the spectra formed are different from each other. The difference in the spectrum of different elements can be determined, and the chemical composition of the analyte can be determined. When the characteristic spectrum of a certain element appears in the spectrum, it means that the element exists in the sample. Using the brightness of the line, you can determine how much the element is.
The instrument forms the spectrum of radiated light through a series of special optical elements inside the instrument. The optical system diagram is as follows:
The light generated by the arc spot 1 is protected by the protective glass 2, the condenser 3, and the uniformly stable illumination slit 4. The slit 4 is located on the focal plane of the objective lens 9, and the light emitted by the slit is redirected by the refracting prism 5.6.7.8. The objective lens 9 enters parallel light and is dispersed through the dispersion prism 10.11. The right-angled edge of the prism 11 is coated with a reflective layer. The light is reflected back by this surface, and is again dispersed by the dispersive prism 10.11. The dispersed parallel light passes through again. After the objective lens 9 converges, a spectral image is formed at the diaphragm 12 via the refractive prism 7.8, and the obtained spectrum is observed by magnified observation through the eyepiece lens 13. Rotating the prism 11 allows the spectral regions of different wavelengths to enter the field of view. The wavelength can read the drum reading from the wavelength drum, and the wavelength value can be found from the corresponding curve of the wavelength and the wavelength drum reading.
Contact plate seat, in the bottom of the instrument, when the analysis of the slope and the sample is directly in contact with the analysis, is the negative excitation light source connected with the electric ground.
Analytical electrodes are connected to the live wire of the power supply . They are the mounting brackets for the electrodes. The handles for fastening the electrodes are loosened and the electrodes can be quickly replaced. The electrode holder is made of high-frequency ceramic material, which has reliable insulation and heat insulation, and ensures that the electrodes, the contact plate holder, and the main body are insulated from each other. The electrode holder is provided with a protective glass. The pressure ring is used to fasten it, and the pressure ring can be replaced to remove the protection glass. Brightness adjustment handle, turn the handle to adjust the brightness of the instrument spectrum. When the wavelength drum rotates 5, it can push the rotation of the prism and the movement of the slit through the cam structure inside the instrument, so that different wavelengths of light enter the field of view, and the amount of focusing is automatically compensated. A monochromator system composed of an objective lens, a dispersive prism, a refracting prism, a slit, and the like is incorporated in the main body, and a light beam entering the slit is dispersed to form a spectrum. Diopter adjustment circle, turn 7 can get a clear spectral image of people with different visibility. The eyepieces and goggles are used to observe the spectrum through the eyepieces. The eye shields are designed to block external light. Handle, power cord passes through the interior. The switch is mounted on the handle and the power is turned on after the switch is pressed. The generator is activated and an arc is generated between the electrodes. After the switch is released, the power supply is cut off and the arc extinguishes.Due to the multiple refraction using the refracting prism, the direct design of the spot incidence using direct light, and the use of light metals, the instrument is lighter than other similar instruments.
The installation and use of the instrument The portable spectroscopic mirror and its spare parts are installed in the portable instrument box. First, check the packing list for the missing parts and check whether there is any damage caused by the transportation. Analyze the electrodes and adjust the distance between the poles. Connect the connector plug to the generator and turn the generator on. Note: If using a generator without an isolation transformer, there must be a well-grounded three-wire socket , otherwise the generator does not work properly. Place the instrument in contact with the inclined surface of the plate seat on the sample. Press the remote switch on the handlebar to generate an arc between the electrode and the sample to be analyzed. If there is no arc, adjust the arc generator according to the instruction manual of the arc generator.Note: After the switch is started, there is a high voltage on the electrode, which cannot be touched. When an arc is generated, it is not possible to use the eyes to look directly at the arc so as to avoid stabbing the eyes.
Rotate the wavelength drum to about 40 degrees, observe the spectrum from the eyepiece, turn the diopter adjustment (7) to make the spectrum clear, and turn the brightness handle (4) to make the spectrum brightest. Rotate the wavelength drum and turn the analyzed spectrum to the middle of the field of view for analysis. Before analysis, the electrode and sample should be cleaned with a grinding wheel or file, and one sample should be replaced with one electrode. The hand-held grinding wheel in the optional accessories is prepared for observing the shape of sparks (ie spark analysis). It can assist in visualizing the grades with different carbon content, and it can be used to clean the electrodes and the surface of the specimen.The spectrograph can conveniently photograph the spectrum inside the field of view at the scene.
Maintenance of the instrument
The reasonable maintenance of optical instruments directly affects the life of the instrument and the effect of use, so it is very important.
The instrument should be stored in a dry place to prevent the optical components from becoming moldy, and the exposed optical parts should always be kept clean. If there is any dust in time, clean it with a soft brush or buckskin. If there are fingerprints or traces of oil, immediately dip a small amount of alcohol and acetyl ether mixture into the absorbent cotton. (Proportion: 1:2) Wipe off. Handle gently to prevent collision with other objects, do not use too much force when changing electrodes. After the instrument is used, fasten the eyepiece dust cover at any time to prevent dust from falling on the eyepiece. After the instrument is used up, clear it in time and place it in the instrument box. After the protective glass is dirty, it should be replaced promptly. The failure and exclusion spectra gradually darken, which may be caused by the following: The protection glass is too dirty. Remedy: Replace the protective glass . The surface of the eyepiece is dirty. Remedy: Wipe. Lens moldy. Inspection method: Remove a full set of eyepieces. When the light source is turned on, pass the light bar to observe the aperture spot. If there is a dendritic sputum in the spot, it is a moldy lens and the lens needs to be changed. The brightness adjustment handle does not work. It may be that the top spring is stuck. Remove the electrode holder and remove it according to the specific conditions. Turn drum 4 and the lines do not move. May be: Prism shaft stuck. Remedy: Open the main cover, depending on the circumstances plus oil or re-cleaning fuel exclusion. Loosen the fastening screws between the drum and the cam. Need to screw down the drum face screw, get the hand wheel, tighten the fastening screw (to adjust the cam position). Spectral band of a larger displacement can be corrected by the rotational position of the prism 300 the initial position or movement of the lever, or is corrected by changing the relative position of the cam drum.When the initial zero reading of the drum changes greatly, the three screws on the end face of the drum can be released and the position of the drum can be adjusted by rotating the dial.
When the field diaphragm is skewed. The three screws fixing the set of eyepieces can be loosened, and the set of eyepieces can be adjusted by turning an angle. When the spectrum line and the optical field are not clearly clear at the same time, the eyepiece can be adjusted by rotating the eyepiece diopter adjustment wheel, then the whole set of eyepieces can be removed and the pressure can be released. Adjust the position of the light bar in the light bar holder so that the light bar is clear and then reinstalled. Eye mask tilted. Turn the pressure eyecup's pressure ring loose, and press the eyecup forward and tighten it. The skew of the line is caused by the rotation of the slit, and the horizontal black line on the field of view is due to the presence of debris on the slit. It needs to be eliminated by rotating the slit and cleaning the slit. Slit cleaning method: Use a cork rod to sharpen the tip, add a small amount of alcohol along the direction of the slit. Optical components should be rubbed as little as possible, especially internal optical components. Non-experienced professionals are not allowed to dismantle, and serious faults should be sent to specialized repair units. Calibration of Wavelength and Drum Reading Curve:After the instrument is used for a period of time, due to temperature changes or other reasons, the original curve needs to be recalibrated or redrawn. The method is: choose some spectral lines of known wavelengths in the wavelength range of each section, the actual measured spectral lines of the reading drum value. Each corresponding point is marked on the coordinate paper, and each point can be connected into a smooth curve. The curve graphs manufactured by our factory are measured with the following nine lines. for reference.
Unit nm
425.01 452.52 485.98 519.15 546.3 576.3 604.2 633.68 667.8
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