Grain drying breaks through mechanization constraints and urgently needs policy support

[China Agricultural Machinery Industry News] The data released by the National Bureau of Statistics recently showed that in 2016, the total output of summer grain in the country reached 139.26 million tons, which is the second highest in history and belongs to the harvest year. In recent years, grain has increased at a high level in successive years, and grain production capacity has been continuously consolidated and improved. At the same time, the problem of food drying and storage has risen to the same level as increasing food production capacity.

Grain drying breaks through mechanization constraints and urgently needs policy support

Practice has proved that strengthening grain drying and storage is conducive to promoting farmers' income, helping to improve the comprehensive benefits of agriculture and helping to ensure national food security. However, there are still bottlenecks in food drying and storage, resulting in food losses. According to incomplete statistics, after grain harvesting, due to untimely drying, improper drying, and unreasonable storage methods, food pests, rodents, mildew and germination are caused, and the annual loss of food is about 5%. In response to the above situation, the author puts forward four suggestions:

Actively promote mechanized grain dryer. Increase the research and development of drying equipment, effectively integrate resources from industry, academia and research, and promote the research and development of technology, and develop more general-purpose models with stable performance, energy saving and environmental protection. Adhere to the combination of harvesting and drying, decentralized drying and concentrated drying, fixed drying and mobile drying, scientifically and reasonably determine coal, electricity, oil and straw according to different regional energy conditions and different grain drying methods. Energy sources such as solar energy, make full use of natural light and straw resources, and reduce the cost of drying costs. Efforts will be made to build a batch of grain drying demonstration bases, build a number of regional grain drying service centers, and strive to improve the mechanization level of grain production. Especially in the case of rainy weather during the grain harvesting season, give full play to the strategic reserve role of social drying equipment resources.

Effectively solve the problem of food drying. Some farmers are accustomed to harvesting wheat flour during the ripening period. The wheat grains obtained during this period are thin and have high protein content, but the water content is relatively large, generally around 17%. It must be dried or dried before storage. When the corn is harvested, the grain moisture content is 30-40%, and it needs to be air-dried. For large grain-growing households, the contracted land can be used to construct a simple drying room, and the cultivated land will be flattened and dried, and the food will be dried. After the grain is aired and dried, the grounding site is ploughed and the corresponding grain or vegetables are planted in the wrong season. In the construction of new rural cultural sports venues, it is recommended to consider the problem of food drying in a coordinated manner, so as to meet the needs of the villagers' cultural and sports activities and to serve as food drying. According to local conditions, some rural roads will be designated as temporary drying points, and obvious traffic signs will be set up to facilitate farmers' food drying.

Continue to improve food storage conditions. Actively promote farmers to scientifically store grain, and guide farmers to build “small grain bins” such as simple grain storage, natural ventilation warehouse, color steel plate combination storage granary. Encourage agricultural professional cooperatives, large grain growers to build small-scale grain storage facilities, purchase new types of grain storage equipment, and improve farmers' rations storage conditions. Fully tap the existing grain storage potential, integrate and utilize warehousing resources, encourage state-owned grain storage enterprises to undertake social responsibilities, and make good use of idle storage resources to provide warehousing services for surrounding grain farmers. Encourage and guide grain reserve enterprises, grain processing enterprises, grain distribution enterprises, agricultural professional cooperatives and large grain growers, implement grain order drying and order storage, and build a “food bank” to explore uniform drying, processing and storage of grain after delivery. Sales business model.

Introduce relevant support policies. Exploring and implementing special subsidies for grain storage, special subsidies for new processing entities such as agricultural professional cooperatives, family farms, large grain growers, and other primary processing facilities such as drying storage bins and natural ventilation warehouses, special funds for national modern grain logistics, and national monopoly Warehousing funds are tilted towards new business entities. For agricultural machinery enterprises that develop and produce grain drying machinery and equipment, they should give preferential treatment in tax reduction and loan financing. Increase subsidies for grain drying machinery, further increase the proportion of subsidies for drying machinery, encourage qualified places to implement subsidies for drying machinery, expand the scope of subsidies for purchase of grain drying equipment, and effectively solve the problem that farmers cannot afford to buy. In terms of guaranteeing the construction land for mechanical drying, the grain drying equipment and the warehouse land in accordance with the conditions of the agricultural land of the facility shall be timely reviewed and resolved in accordance with the agricultural land standards. It is recommended that the grain drying land be included in the overall planning of the new rural construction, and priority should be given to it.

(Original title: Solving the problem of grain drying and storage must push mechanization of grain drying)