Researchers from the OrNL National Laboratory (ORNL) took carbon black from waste car tires and adjusted their microstructure characteristics to produce high-performance, low-cost carbon anode materials for use in lithium-ion battery packs.
This professional paper on electrochemistry was published in the RSCA dvances journal. Studies have shown that carbon anodes made from scrap tire collection raw materials still have a reversible capacity of approximately 390 mAh/g after undergoing 100 charge-discharge cycles. This data is superior to the highest quality graphite materials currently on the market. The researchers believe that such superior performance is due to the unique microstructure of the carbon in the tire; the anode material is derived from the carbon material in the vulcanized tire rubber and the standard tire rubber, and their initial Coulomb efficiency values ​​reached 71% and 45, respectively. %. The extraction of high-performance carbon materials from waste automobile tire rubber has led to the development of potential uses in energy storage, adding a new path to the recycling of tire rubber.
The ORNL research team obtained a patented pretreatment technique to obtain pyrolytic carbon black material with properties similar to those of graphite. The difference is that the former is manufactured artificially. The micronized tire rubber is first melted in a high-temperature fuming sulfuric acid bath to obtain a vulcanized rubber suspension, which is then filtered, washed, and compressed into a solid solid block. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the solid block is pyrolyzed to obtain a vulcanized rubber powder; during the carbonization process, the material is subjected to appropriate processing to obtain a pyrolytic carbon black composite material having a high surface area. In order to prevent the potential impurities such as metal particles from mixing into the carbon black powder, the produced rubber powder needs to be cleaned with an acidic solution in the processing flow.
With the chemical pretreatment, the carbon crystals produced by the rubber will be larger. However, this carbon material has very few pores with diameters of 3 to 5 nanometers, and very important nanopores (diameters less than 2 nanometers) are almost absent, reducing the relative surface area, such as the simple and orderly arrangement of graphite materials. The technology for processing carbon anodes from used tires aims to develop low-cost, environmentally-friendly carbon composite anode materials, and to ensure greater surface area, better performance, and long-term stability and reliability.
Researchers are trying their best to test a production process with the aim of recovering a larger proportion of carbon materials and verifying the feasibility of the carbon black material as anodes for flexible packaging lithium-ion battery packs. The researchers also expect that the lithium battery of this new type of carbon black anode material will be lower in price than the common graphite anode battery on the market. ORNL plans to cooperate with U.S. companies to obtain the authorization for this innovative technology, and then to produce lithium-ion battery packs for the automotive, power, pharmaceutical, and military industries. There are also potential applications, including water purification and gas absorption and storage. ORNL has recently launched a slogan “Low-Cost Carbon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries†on the project bidding website FedBizOpps.
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