"‘I have hosted many technical and product appraisal meetings, but today I am excited to be able to conduct the factory acceptance for this most advanced deep-sea oil rig in the world. For me, this is a rare opportunity.’ These were the words of Zhong Shude, a senior expert in China’s oil drilling rig industry, at the end of the year. He was speaking during the factory acceptance meeting for the 12,000-meter land oil drilling rig held on November 15th. On that day, China's first 12,000-meter deep well land oil drilling rig with independent intellectual property rights, developed by Baoji Petroleum Machinery Co., Ltd. under China National Petroleum Corporation, successfully passed the factory acceptance. Zhong Shude was clearly very enthusiastic. He stated, ‘The successful development of the 12,000-meter drilling rig has broken the long-term technological blockade imposed by foreign high-end equipment on China and filled a domestic gap. It marks a milestone in the history of China’s oil drilling equipment development.’ The core components are largely localized. On a rainy winter day, the reporter visited the test site of Baoji Petroleum Machinery Factory and saw the main structure of the 12,000-meter rig — standing 52 meters high on a 12-meter-high giant square base with a K-type derrick. Just 10 meters away stood the first 9,000-meter ultra-deep oil rig, which had been successfully developed in December 2005. Ma Yiping, director of the complete branch factory at Baoji Petroleum Machinery, explained, ‘Although the appearance of the 12,000-meter rig is similar to the 9,000-meter one, the different drilling depths required significant re-development of key components.’ He added that two years ago, even though they had developed their own 9,000-meter rig, 12,000 meters was not only a challenge for Chinese professionals but also a global difficulty. It is known that before this, only the United States produced a 12,000-meter analog-controlled DC-driven drilling rig in the 1980s. However, this older model lags significantly behind the newly developed all-digital AC frequency conversion land drilling rig from China in terms of system configuration, technical parameters, and performance. Ma Yiping highlighted that the biggest highlight of the 12,000-meter rig is its integration of the most advanced technologies both domestically and internationally. While diesel generators are imported from Caterpillar, the key components are all developed in China, with the core parts largely localized. This project achieved major breakthroughs in China’s special deep well rig technology. According to Ma Yiping, the overall technical scheme and integration technology of the drilling rig are unique nationally and internationally. The rig introduced a derrick and base capable of carrying 900 tons, enabling low-level installation. It also developed the first 6,000-horsepower ultra-high-power winch, with high reliability and good economic operation. Other firsts include a 900-ton crane, a large hook and ring designed for -40°C conditions, a 675-ton faucet suitable for extreme temperatures, and a 720-ton dead rope holder with low-temperature resistance. Additionally, research on the 2200 hp high-pressure mud pump wearing parts and special AC frequency conversion motors made significant progress. Why develop such high-end oil drilling equipment? Zhang Yongze, general manager of Baoji Petroleum Machinery Co., Ltd., explained simply: “The 12,000-meter drilling rig was developed to meet China’s demand for deep oil and gas exploration and to improve the competitiveness of China’s oil drilling equipment in the international market.” Zhang emphasized that the development of the 12,000-meter rig was driven by the growing demand for energy and the need to break through technical bottlenecks. With shallow and medium-depth oil and gas resources becoming increasingly difficult to exploit, China must turn to deeper layers. At the same time, oil drilling equipment is a strategic resource, and relying solely on foreign technology is unrealistic. Zhong Shude echoed this sentiment, stating that China had long been subject to high prices and long delivery times from foreign suppliers. “We realized we needed to rely on our own strength to develop this technology,” he said. With strong support from China National Petroleum Corporation, the “12,000-meter drilling rig” project was included in the “Advanced Drilling Technology and Equipment” initiative under the National “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” 863 Program. Zhong Shude and other senior experts worked together to design and develop this groundbreaking project. China’s petroleum equipment industry has long been seen as a “world factory,” producing a large volume of goods but lacking in high-end innovation. Zhong Shude pointed out that while China is a major producer of oil rigs, it still lags behind in technical capabilities. However, the successful development of the 12,000-meter rig signals a new era. “This achievement not only enhances China’s competitiveness in the global oil and gas exploration market, but also elevates China’s status as a leading oil equipment manufacturer,” Zhong said. He believes the 12,000-meter rig will bring significant commercial value, meeting the needs of deep land and offshore oil and gas exploration, and reinforcing China’s position in the global energy sector.

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