Japanese companies have jointly developed hexavalent chromium plating technology
Japan's Daicel Chemical Industry and Daicel Polymer, both based in Tokyo, recently presented a groundbreaking technology for resin electroplating at the 14th Polymer Materials Forum hosted by the Japan Polymer Society. The innovation focuses on eliminating the use of chromic acid—specifically hexavalent chromium—which has long been a key component in traditional electroplating processes. Instead, the two companies have developed a method that allows for high-quality electroplating without relying on toxic chromium compounds.
Currently, around 85% of electroplated resins are made from ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene). Traditionally, this material is treated with chromic acid to create surface irregularities. These irregularities help adsorb platinum (Pt) as a catalyst, which then enables electroless nickel plating. This process enhances adhesion through an anchoring effect, making the metal layer stick more effectively to the plastic base.
The new technology introduced by Daicel replaces ABS with polyamide (PA) or PA/ABS blends, eliminating the need for hexavalent chromium entirely. The core of the innovation lies in improving the compatibility between PA and ABS by optimizing additives, allowing for better dispersion of ABS within the PA matrix. Additionally, the process has been modified to expand the PA structure, enabling the formation of a nickel underlayer that grows like roots in soil, significantly boosting adhesion strength.
This nickel layer, created through electroless plating, can reach several hundred micrometers in thickness. Once applied, standard electroplating processes can be used to deposit various metals such as copper, nickel, and even chromium. This means that the subsequent steps remain largely unchanged, ensuring compatibility with existing manufacturing techniques while offering a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative.
By removing hazardous chemicals and using advanced polymer blends, Daicel’s technology not only improves safety but also opens up new possibilities for sustainable and high-performance electroplated plastics across industries.
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